What Types Of Asthma Are There
Healthcare providers identify asthma as intermittent or persistent . Persistent asthma can be mild, moderate or severe. Healthcare providers base asthma severity on how often you have attacks. They also consider how well you can do things during an attack.
Asthma can be:
- Allergic: Some peoples allergies can cause an asthma attack. Molds, pollens and other allergens can cause an attack.
- Non-allergic: Outside factors can cause asthma to flare up. Exercise, stress, illness and weather may cause a flare.
Asthma Attacks In Infants And Children
Infants with severe wheezing should be seen by a doctor.1 Infants have a higher risk of respiratory failure due to an asthma attack. Respiratory failure happens when too little oxygen passes from the lungs to the blood. Viruses cause most asthma attacks in infants, so the child may also have a fever.
It can be difficult to tell how severe an attack is in young children and infants.1 The Table lists signs and symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe attacks.1 Some of these are the same signs as in adults. However, children have higher normal heart and breathing rates.
Effects Of Asthma On The Cardiovascular System
Acute, severe asthma alters profoundly the cardiovascular status and function . In expiration, because of the effects of dynamic hyperinflation, the systemic venous return decreases significantly, and again rapidly increases in the next respiratory phase. Rapid right ventricular filling in inspiration, by shifting the interventricular septum toward the left ventricle, may lead to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and incomplete filling. The large negative intrathoracic pressure generated during inspiration increases left ventricular after-load by impairing systolic emptying. Pulmonary artery pressure may also be increased due to lung hyperinflation, thereby resulting in increased right ventricular afterload. These events in acute, severe asthma may accentuate the normal inspiratory reduction in left ventricular stroke volume and systolic pressure, leading to the appearance of pulsus paradoxus . A variation greater than 12 mmHg in systolic blood pressure between inspiration and expiration represents a sign of severity in asthmatic crisis. In advanced stages, when ventilatory muscle fatigue ensues, pulsus paradoxus will decrease or disappear as force generation declines. Such status harbingers impeding respiratory arrest.
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Vitamins That May Impact Your Asthma
Some scientists believe that asthma and vitamin deficiency are integrally linked. Researchers have looked into the role that certain vitaminslike vitamin D, vitamin C, and vitamin Eplay in the occurrence and severity of the disease. While it is clear that diet does influence the incidence and prevalence of asthma, what is less clear is whether vitamin supplementation can prevent asthma or improve its symptoms.
How Is Asthma Diagnosed
Your healthcare provider will evaluate your symptoms, obtain a health history, do a physical exam and likely do some tests, such as a lung function test and a chest X-ray.
If youve been having breathing symptoms, it helps to keep a record of what they are, when they occur and what might be causing them to trigger. Bring your record to your appointment. In addition, let your provider know about any allergies you have, as well as a family history of asthma, allergies and eczema. Tell your provider about home or work exposure to environmental factors that can worsen asthma, such as pets, pollen, dust mites, tobacco smoke and chemicals that you are exposed to at work.
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute lists the pulmonary tests that your provider may order include:
- Spirometry: A device called a spirometer is used to measure the amount and speed of air that you blow out.
- Bronchoprovocation tests: These tests measure how your lungs react to specific exposures such as allergens or medicines.
- Peak expiratory flow test: This test measures how fast you can blow our air using maximum effort.
- Fractional exhaled nitric oxide test: This measures the level of nitric oxide in your breath when you breathe out.
- Allergy skin or blood tests: If you have allergies, these tests can indicate specific allergens, such as pollen, that cause your immune system to react.
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Cautions With Other Medicines
There are some medicines that may interfere with the way that beta blockers, including beta blocker eyedrops, work.
Tell your doctor if youâre taking:
- other medicines for high blood pressure. The combination with beta blockers can sometimes lower your blood pressure too much. This may make you feel dizzy or faint
- other medicines for an irregular heartbeat such as amiodarone or flecainide
- other medicines that can lower your blood pressure. These include some antidepressants, nitrates , baclofen , medicines for an enlarged prostate gland like tamsulosin, or Parkinsonâs disease medicines such as levodopa
- medicines for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- medicines for diabetes, particularly insulin beta blockers may make it more difficult to recognise the warning signs of low blood sugar
- medicines to treat nose or sinus congestion, or other cold remedies
- medicines for allergies, such as ephedrine, noradrenaline or adrenaline
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines , such as ibuprofen. These medicines may increase your blood pressure, so itâs best to keep them to a minimum
What Happens During Asthma
There are two phases in asthma the early reaction and the late reaction. The early reaction is caused by an inhaled allergen triggering the immune system. The allergen interacts with IgE, a chemical involved with the immune system. IgE triggers mast cells, which are a type of white blood cell also involved with immunity. These mast cells make histamine and a few other chemicals which causes the symptoms of asthma. Histamine causes the muscles surrounding the airways to contract, thus narrowing the airways and causing a wheeze and shortness of breath. The airways also produce more mucus. Blood vessels in the walls of the airways can become leaky, and fluid can leak into the walls of the airways this can also further narrow the airways. This reaction is short lived, and can last from a few minutes to an hour or a little more.
In the late reaction, different types of white blood cell arrive and cause further inflammation and further symptoms. This reaction lasts longer than the early reaction, lasting up to several hours.
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Complications Of Acute Severe Asthma
Pneumothorax eventually associated with pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema ,2), pneumopericardium and tracheoesofageal fistula 3) are rare but potentially severe complications of acute, severe asthma. Myocardial ischemia should be considered in older patients with coronary artery disease. Mucus plugging and atelectasis are not rare and usually respond to effective treatment. Other complications to consider include theophylline toxicity, lactic acidosis, electrolyte disturbances , myopathy and ultimately anoxemic brain injury .
Pneumomediastinum-bilateral pneumothorax in an intubated patient in status asthmaticus. Radiolucent stripes along the soft tissues of the mediastinum, and the continuous diaphragm sign indicate the presence of pneumomediastinum. Bilateral pneumothorax is also seen . Subcutaneous emphysema is also seen on the left of the figure.
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Diagnosis Of A Dairy Allergy
See your doctor if you have any kind of symptoms after drinking milk or eating dairy foods. An allergy specialist can do a skin test and other testing to find out if you have an allergy or dairy intolerance. Blood tests can also show if you have other food allergies.
Your doctor will also look at your medical history and your symptoms. Sometimes a test may not show that you have a food allergy. It may be useful to keep a food journal.
Another option is to try an elimination diet. This diet removes dairy for a few weeks then slowly adds it back in. Record all symptoms and let your doctor know.
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Etiology And Risk Factors
The predominant precipitant for acute asthma symptoms is viral infection, detected in 80% to 85% of cases. Other causes include exercise, allergen exposure , cold weather, and poor air quality. Children younger than 5 years with lower respiratory tract infection or foreign body aspiration can present with asthma-like symptoms. Some young children with acute wheezing have a diagnosis of asthma or viral-induced wheezing, but in the acute setting both should be treated in the same manner. Risk factors for asthma admissions include not having or not adhering to a written crisis management plan, taking inappropriate preventive treatment or poor compliance, and a delay of more than 24 hours in seeking advice.
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What Is A Beta Agonist
Beta agonists are a type of medicine used to treat asthma .4 They are sometimes known as bronchodilators because they relax the airways. Like beta blockers, beta agonists act on the beta receptors in certain types of cells. Namely, they act on the beta receptors found in smooth muscle tissue. However, todayâs beta agonists are designed to focus primarily on airway smooth muscle tissue, while minimizing the effects on smooth muscle found in the heart.5
Rather than interfering with the beta receptors, however, beta agonists enhance the action of certain enzymes that bind to the beta receptors. The result is relaxation of the lining of the airways. Overall, these are the benefits of using a beta agonist:6
- Minimize the required dose of inhaled steroids
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The Role Of Inflammation
âThere is an abundance of literature linking diabetes prevalence and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,â says Neil Schachter, MD, professor of pulmonary medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. COPD is an umbrella term for a group of progressive lung diseases including emphysema and chronic bronchitis that make it harder to breathe.
A link between asthma and diabetes is âplausible,â he says.
âThe link with COPD and diabetes is bolstered by a link between smoking and diabetes and a theoretical link between the concept that an underlying systemic inflammation leads to both COPD and diabetes,â he says.
Whatâs more, âthe extensive use of corticosteroids in COPD may unmask early or unsuspected diabetes,â he says.
These factors may also play a role in the proposed asthma-diabetes link he says, adding that the rate of smoking among people with asthma is higher than one would anticipate.
âThere is a link between obesity and asthma and certainly a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes,â he says.
âMore epidemiologic data is necessary before considering this a strong association,â Schachter says.
Jerome V. Tolbert, MD, PhD, director of outreach program at Friedman Diabetes Institute of Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City, says the new link makes sense.
âHeart disease and diabetes can go hand in hand, and most die of heart disease,â he says. âThere may be something here.â
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How Long Can Diabetes Go Untreated
of Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack an extreme quantity Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack of insulin, it is called an insulin response Sometimes, low blood sugar can be the outcomes of an inadequate Food to eat to control blood sugar caloric consumption or sudden extreme physical exertion In patients with sort 2 Low Blood Sugar diabetes, stress, infection, and medicines can even result in severely elevated blood sugar ranges.
Project OrphanAnesthesia is Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack a project whose aim is to create peer reviewed, readily accessible guidelines for patients with rare diseases and for the anesthesiologists caring for them.
The patients are not adhering to their diabetes dietary plan.
Others require that you examine your blood sugar by working Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack the receiver over the sensor periodically People residing Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack with diabetes, significantly those with sort 1 Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack diabetes, can also select to Can Elevated Blood Sugar Cause Asthma Attack use CGMs These gadgets measure your blood sugar each few minutes using a sensor inserted underneath the skin These sensors are usually Normal Blood Sugar Level worn for every What Is The Normal Blood Sugar Level week or two before they have to be changed.
Nausea and Vomiting Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that often precedes vomiting.
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Association Between Asthma And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms And Impact On Asthma Controla Literature Review
Raimeyre Marques Torres
1Graduate Program of the School of Nursing at the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador , Brazil
2Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
Abstract
1. Introduction
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by chronic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness . Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, mainly characterized by a decrease in insulin sensitivity and also by a defect in insulin secretion and chronic inflammation .
The notion of asthma as a primary pulmonary disease has been discussed , but studies show that asthma is associated with extrapulmonary comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and systemic diseases such as obesity , diabetes mellitus , and metabolic syndrome .
Asthma, obesity, and T2DM are very common chronic health conditions . Currently, estimates reveal 339 million asthmatics, 463 million individuals with DM, and 650 million obese worldwide . In Brazil, data show a general prevalence of 6.4% of individuals with asthma, 9.4% with DM, and 19.8% with obesity among adults , resulting in an economic burden associated with morbidity and considerable mortality . The prevalence of those chronic conditions in developing countries is increasing rapidly, probably as a result of the westernization of lifestyle .
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Association between Asthma and T2DM: Epidemiological Aspects
5. Final Thoughts
Asthma Attack And Blood Sugars And Asthma Vs Ka
Asthma attack and blood sugars, and asthma vs KA 7 Articles 37,905 Profile Views 1,142 Posts I’m a student nurse and we are studying insulin/glucose and all that right now. I was just curious– if a person came in with an asthma attack and they were given albuterol SVN and probably a corticosteriod , are they at risk for hyperglycemia during the crisis? Or does their natural insulin keep them from getting beyond a normal value even in this crisis, and even with the glucose-raising drugs? Do you even test for blood glucose routinely when a person comes in for a non-diabetic type situation? Say, you think it’s asthma because of pt hx of asthma, the breathing pattern and low O2, but it could actually be ketoacidosis . If a person is on long-term steriods for any reason, do they ever get tested for glucose routinely?Continue reading > >
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How Can Asthma Be Managed
You have to realise that a large part of managing your asthma is going to be your responsibility. Your doctor will explain to you the nature of asthma and how to deal with asthma. You or your childs asthma and lung function will also need monitoring regularly, either by peak flow or by spirometry. Peak flow measurements are quick and easy to do, and you can do it at home. Spirometry might require you to see your doctor.
It is important that you avoid any factors that make your symptoms worse. This might involve avoiding animals or pets, or avoiding dusty places or places with lots of air pollution. Asthma can be triggered by a mould or house dust mite allergy as well both of these organisms can be removed by reducing the humidity of your house and cleaning regularly. If your child suffers from asthma when he or she is doing exercise, you might need to explain this to school so they can have special provisions made. Avoiding the cold weather is difficult wear lots of layers during the cold months. Central heating can encourage growth of moulds and house dust mite colonies, so this might not be a great idea if you or your child has a mould allergy or a house dust mite allergy.
There are also medications available to help you out. Inhalers are given out by prescription by your doctor.
How Is Asthma Treated
The treatment of asthma typically involves the use of a combination of long-term control medicines and quick-relief medicines . Immunotherapy, or allergy shots, may be recommended to reduce your bodys response to allergens. Also, you can take lifestyle measures to help prevent and treat symptoms, such as allergy-proofing your home, avoiding tobacco smoke, and limiting exposure to chemicals, mold, etc.
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